380382. Under each type of claim is an example of that claim on the topic of capital punishment. Douglass saw slavery as a, It is at this time that Frederick Douglass learns one of the greatest freedoms of all. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? There he worked proudly as a day laborer and refined his oratorical powers, both as a lay preacher in New Bedfords African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church and as a participant in the meetings of local black abolitionists. [32] Douglass, What the Black Man Wants, January 1, 1865, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Argumentative Writing Overview & Facts | How to Write A Claim & Counterclaim, Study.com ACT® English Test Prep Practice: Commas, Concluding Statements: Supporting Your Argument, How to Establish and Maintain a Formal Writing Style, How to Analyze an Argument's Effectiveness & Validity, Study.com ACT® English Test Prep Practice: Verb Tense and Subject-Verb Agreement, Writing for An Audience: How to Structure Your Argument, How to Structure an Argument in Your Essay, Providing Effective Feedback on Writing Samples, Claim Statements in Arguments | Strong & Weak Reasons, Evidence, & Examples, How to Add, Subtract and Multiply Complex Numbers, Supporting Claims with Evidence & Reasoning | How to Write a Claim Statement, Citing Textual Evidence to Support Analysis, The Importance of Using Precise Language in Writing. In his efforts to cultivate a respect for and proper understanding of the natural right of property, Douglass was laboring for a cause he considered vital both to Americas moral and political culture and to the liberation and elevation of black Americans in particular. The most telling, the most killing, refutation of slavery, he wrote to Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1853, is the presentation of an industrious, enterprising, thrifty, and intelligent free black population. Ever confident in the power of virtue to dispel prejudice, Douglass affirmed in 1883 that the moral government of the universe is on our side. 364366. Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames. Now you turnthe opposing point of view, evidence, and analysis back to support your thesis statement. Typifying a view of the Founding now common among scholars of race are remarks by Justice Thurgood Marshall, the first AfricanAmerican Supreme Court Justice and a hero of the legal struggle that paved the way for the Civil Rights Era. In this method, the author would address the counterclaims within each of the body paragraphs. When Hugh Auld, Sophias husband, promptly forbade further instruction for the reason that literacy would forever unfit the boy for slavery, young Frederick gained a revelatory insight into the evil design of slavery and the sure path to liberation. Slavery not only expropriated the fruits of its victims labor, but also assaulted the moral and mental faculties by which, once freed, they might otherwise have put their labor to profitable and elevating uses. His first hand accounts of the cruel nature of slavery and the thought. He returned also a more confident and independent thinker, and in late 1847, against Garrisons advice, he launched his own newspaper, originally titled The North Star. 1. But his Do nothing with us! rhetoric, oversimplified for emphasis, has been misunderstood by critics who read it literally as a denial of public obligation and a justification of public indifference toward the freedpeople. These paragraphs contain the author's sub-claims/reasoning, counterclaims, and evidence. To this day, Douglass endures unequalled as the invincible adversary of racial despair and disaffectionthe preeminent exemplar and apostle of hopefulness in the American promise of justice for all. 516517. He shouted with joy when he was able to achieve this feat. To remedy the degradation and impoverishment that proceeded from this culture of indolence, Douglass throughout the postwar years insistently extolled the property right and the virtues of free labor that supported it, and he called upon his fellow black Americans in particular to cultivate the self-reliant virtues of industry, productivity, and thrift. II, p. 375. But the final, unimpeachable confirmation of Lincolns anti-slavery commitment came for Douglass in August 1864, when the President, fearing that a demoralized electorate would soon force a premature end to the war, summoned Douglass to the White House to discuss a covert scheme for liberating as many as possible in the meantime. In time, Douglass came to see the wisdom in Lincolns prudent statesmanship, as he acknowledged in his most developed reflection on Lincoln, his speech at the unveiling of the Freedmens Monument to Lincoln in 1876. In Stevenss plan, lands belonging to the former Confederate states and their soldiers would be deemed forfeited and then distributed in parcels of 40 acres as homesteads to the freedpeople. Come what will, I hold it to be morally certain that, sooner or later, by fair means or foul means, in quiet or in tumultslavery is doomed to cease out of this otherwise goodly land, and liberty is destined to become the settled law of this Republic.[20]. V, p. 624. 'My cell phone doesn't have Internet access.'. -reinforces the idea of the great principles of political freedom and natural justice, Identify two biblical allusions Douglass makes, and then explain how each contributes to Douglass's overall argument, -He wants to use any means to convince people to end slavery. Claims of fact make assertions that can be proven or disproven with evidence. What I ask for the negro, he explained in 1865, is not benevolence, not pity, not sympathy, but simply justice.[48]. What does Frederick Douglass mean when he says "Bread of Knowledge"? position? It will tell that people and all others that the nation has the disposition if not entire ability to do the Negro right and justice.[54]. Curiosity may have killed the cat, but it will help you be a good interviewer. A rebuttal is when the author disproves an argument. The grave danger was that reunion and peace would be purchased at the cost of obscuring the moral principles that remained in contest. Religion and intellectual inferiority were concepts that were used to manipulate the minds of everyone around into believing that practicing slavery was acceptable. [36] The Present and Future of the Colored Race in America, May 1863, in Life and Writings, Vol. (a) In what ways is Douglass's word choice suited to his audience? I, p. 311. "The demographics of the death row population show a racial bias as well. This proclamation changed everything, Douglass later recalled. Use the present tense of the verb. [26] Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, in Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies, pp. In other words, rather than attempting to restore what slavery took from its victims in actual or potential acquirements of wealth and status, governments should secure opportunities and lend support for the freedpeoples own efforts in self-improvement and self-elevation. The only solid, and final solution of the problem before us, Douglass insisted, was also the only just solution: the most perfect civil and political equality such that black Americans shall enjoy all the rights, privileges and immunities enjoyed by any other members of the body politic.[37] In its primary meaning, Douglasss fair-play, non-exceptionalism principle entailed simple equality under law, irrespective of race or color, but in the decades following the war, he was most urgently concerned with equal protection for two rights in particular: voting rights and property rights. In Americas dedication to principles of natural human rights set forth in the Declaration of Independence, Douglass found reason to love and identify with his country, despite the injustices that he and his people had suffered. It is very clear that Douglass wants us as readers understand the true humanity of him and other slaves and wants to show the extent to which perceptions of inequality are flawed. Explain, -no, he/she first denied it, then comes out telling the truth, Write a definition of obstruction based on your understanding of the prefix ob-. Doubts arose as to whether so skilled an orator could ever have been a slave, and Douglass responded by writing his first autobiography. Slaverys primary victims, mostly knowing nothing of the Declaration itself, would corroborate its truth by their various acts of resistance, displaying their natural love of liberty and their moral humanity as rights-possessors. In your argument for a new cell phone, your mom stands on the other side. In paragraph 5, what does douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to After Douglass escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literature and speeches. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. work!! It was just what I wanted, and. on his farm recently because of a lack of water, so he decides to research how many acres of farm land were lost in his area during the last extended drought. Introduction--The introduction of a five-paragraph essay is one paragraph. Identify the parts of an argumentative essay. However a very courageous man, Frederick Douglass challenges those beliefs. Protagoras was a Greek philosopher who is widely considered the father of argument and debate. A fair-minded observer could scarcely deny that for many Americans, race still does matter. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? This is an effective counterclaim because it disagrees with the claim (stating that it should not be banned) and provides reasoning that disproves it (that it provides closure). [34] Douglass, Let the Negro Alone, May 11, 1869, in Douglass Papers, Vol. 19 Step-by-step answer 17.02.2022, solved by verified expert Bhaskar Singh Bora p PhD Mathematics, Physics. [27], Through long and deep reflection, Douglass finally came to regard Lincoln as the one manto whom we are more indebted for a United Nation and for American liberty than to any otherthe greatest statesman that ever presided over the destinies of this Republic.[28], Lincolns assassination was the crowning crime of slavery, as Douglass declared in his 1876 memorial, and it was also a damaging blow to hopes for a just and prudent policy for the nations postwar reconstruction. The conclusion of the essay is one paragraph and contains an overarching summary of the argument as well as any implications this argument may have moving forward. What evidence does he use to support his claim?" How he acquired it is a part of his story not to be neglected. [49] Douglass, The Color Question, July 5, 1875, in Douglass Papers, Vol. international legion of territorial defense of ukraine pay. Through the use of first person encounters, Frederick Douglass in his narrative A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass argues that the key to freedom is claimed through education. Aside from all the, Patrick Henry once said, give me liberty, or give me death. In the eyes of Frederick Douglass and countless others enslaved, this took on a much deeper meaning to them. [15] Douglass, What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? in Douglass Papers, Vol. [56] To the Editor of the National Republican, in Life and Writings, Vol. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Masterplots II: African American Literature Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Analysis, Critical Edition of Young Adult Fiction Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Analysis, Critical Context (Masterplots II: African American Literature), Critical Context (Critical Edition of Young Adult Fiction), Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself, Frederick Douglass. Having witnessed her transformation from a sympathetic to a hard-hearted mistress, Douglass concludes that slavery was as injurious to her soul as it was to his. Northerners, remembering their revolutionary heritage enough, at least, to remain vigilant in defense of their own rights, would increasingly view these actions as aggressions until the point was reached that slaveholders, by their own imperial overreach, had assembled a coalition of enemies too large for them to defeat. 348349 (emphasis in original). The Declarations affirmation, as self-evident truths, of the principles that all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their Creator with the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is now commonly read as a declaration only of the rights of propertied white males. [24] Douglass, The Late Election, December 1860, in Life and Writings, Vol. A counterclaim is the argument opposing the author's claim. That appreciation was, however, specific to the maturity of his thought. Moreover, the increasing incidence of despairing extremism among many abolitionists during this period was abetted by a series of portentous events. 2017-12-11 03:56:25. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Your fathers, the fathers of this republic, did, most deliberatelyand with a sublime faith in the great principles of justice and freedom, lay deep the corner-stone of the national superstructure, which has risen and still rises in grandeur around you. It means uplifting the soul of man into the glorious light of truth, the light by which men can only be made free.[53]. The prostrate form, the uncovered head, the cringing attitude, the bated breath, the suppliant, outstretched hand of beggary does not become an American freeman, and does not become us as a class, and we will not consent to be any longer represented in that position. With due respect to King and to other stalwarts of the 20th-century movement, I submit that in the search for the most thoughtful proponents of the pro-integration, pro-America argument, there is no worthier object of our attention than the life and thought of the greatest of their 19th-century predecessors, the renowned abolitionist and advocate of civil and political equality Frederick Douglass. [N]o one seems to have doubted the correctness of the prevailing opinion of the time.[4]. The body of the essay is three paragraphs and contains the author's reasoning, evidence, and counterclaims. Philip S. Foner (New York: International Publishers, 195075), p. 236 (hereinafter Life and Writings). This grand achievement taught Douglass something, as he says, From that moment, I understood the pathway from slavery to freedom. That's a reason. We are able to explore new ideas and concepts, which leads to more knowledge. Spirited and independent-minded by nature, Douglass could abide mentors only to a limited degree even as a young man. The proper remedy for these violations, as he conceived of it, was in accord with this conviction. of people, -two football teams competing for State Champion. In fact, he contended, the Constitution was more than merely anti-slavery. But this is the opinion of the Founding and, more generally, of the nations basic moral architecture that critics have propounded widely in todays schools and universities. Peter C. Myers is Professor of Political Science at the University of WisconsinEau Claire and the author of Frederick Douglass: Race and the Rebirth of American Liberalism. Taking a long view, Douglass judged that there was no greater danger to the elevation of black people and the integration of America than this spirit of alienation. John W. Blassingame and John R. McKivigan (New Haven: Yale University Press, 19791992), p. 430 (hereinafter Douglass Papers). 202203 (emphasis added). Facebook Instagram. (a) In one sentence, state Douglass's argument, -abolsih slavery in the eyes of God/our country. III, p. 274. Douglass says that laws in the South are anti-black. the debate over slavery? How does learning to read and write change Douglas, as he outlines in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave? Douglass wanted to show his opposition to slavery and knew he would meet many criticisms. Key Arguments in "The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass" [60] He feared that such a development among black Americans likewise would be the effect of continuing failures to do justice by American institutions, as it could result also from the disaffection propagated by black advocates of emigration, despairing of Americas prospects for reform. [8] The boy who became Frederick Douglass was born, enslaved, on Marylands Eastern Shore in February 1818 and given the improbably dignified name Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey. If the author's claim is that organ selling should be legalized, an example of an effective counterclaim would be that organ selling should not be legalized because it can drive up the cost of organ transplants, meaning that only the rich could afford to receive a transplant. While this quote is from a credible source (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics), it merely restates the claim and reasoning, rather than providing actual evidence to support it. Most enslaved people did not resist so openly, and fewer still ran away as Douglass did, but all, he makes clear, struggled to retain their humanity in the face of slavery's brutality. I teach a seventh grade ELA class and weve just finished reading Walk Two Moonsby Sharon Creech. The implication was that the agitation that abolitionists had begun could never be finally pacified until slavery was finally abolished. What did Frederick Douglass oppose? -his language is different, it proves hes educated, (b) How effective would it be for a modern audience? -douglas was trying to to reach to people who didn't agree with slavery, but never did anything to fight against it. On the other hand it will be found to contain principles and purposes, entirely hostile to the existence of slavery.[16], Building on the ingenious arguments of the 19th-century legal theorist Lysander Spooner, Douglass argued that the passages in the Constitutions text that admit of some ambiguity, such as the clauses commonly held to concern slavery, must be interpreted in light of the larger ends or objects of the Constitution as set forth in the Preamble.
how does douglass refute this counterclaim?