where does the great white pelican live

There is a famous limerick that begins, A wonderful bird is the pelican, his bill can hold more than his belican. This enormous, naked skin pouch hangs from the lower half of the pelican's long, straight bill, hooked at the tip. The Peruvian pelican joins the Brown as the other truly marine species. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. Around the eye is a circle of bare skin. Delhey, K., A. Peters, B. Kempenaers. Birds have received serious injuries to almost every part of their body from barbed hooks. Animal migration is the relatively long-distance movement of individual animals, usually on a seasonal basis. animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature. Learn more about the Great White Pelican in this video from GoPro on YouTube. DDT is widely used across Africa to stop the spread of malaria but makes the eggs of this species thin. The Dalmatian Pelican can be found from south-eastern Europe through central Asia to western Mongolia. According to IUCN Red List the global population is estimated at 265,000-295,000 individuals. Where do palaearctic great white pelicans (Pelecanus onocrotalus) presently overwinter?. Only one chick will usually survive because the younger chicks will get out-competed by the other chick. Fishing is usually over by 8-9 am and they spend the remainder of the day on small islands or sandbars resting, preening, and bathing. The Great White Pelican Then, with much wing flapping and water splashing, they drive fish ahead of them toward the shore. London, United Kingdom: Elsevier. In addition, nesting colonies were disturbed as more people moved to coastal areas. The Cornell Lab will send you updates about birds, birding, and opportunities to help bird conservation. The pelican will let the water drain, and then is able to swallow the fish. Each day an individual will consume 1.2kg (2.6lbs) of fish. Great white pelicans have been known to breed in parts of Turkey, northeastern Uzbekistan, the western half of Armenia, and the east coast of Azerbaijan. The parents take turns incubating one to six bluish-white eggs, laid days apart, on the top of their feet. The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. The Great Herbal of the Ming Dynasty states that the fat from the great white pelicans would help with abscesses, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation, clear the ears of deafness, and stimulate circulation. During breeding season, both male and female pelicans use their pouch to carry nest-building materials: twigs, grass, and feathers. Pelecanus onocrotalus Colonial Waterbirds, 12/1: 43-50. ?utm_source=social&utm_medium=medium&utm_campaign=daily> [Accessed 18 January 2022]. In this article, I'm going to help you plan a birding trip the right Hi, I'm Barry. Great White pelicans are monogamous and form long-term pair bonds. Pelican Bird Facts - AZ Animals They find a school of fish and then collectively dip their beaks in the water to try and grab a fish. Its a good thing pelicans are successful fishers, because they are among the largest of all birds. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'birdwatchworld_com-banner-1','ezslot_8',107,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-birdwatchworld_com-banner-1-0');When roosting or lazing about, Australian pelicans prefer shorelines, beaches, mudflats, sandbars, reefs, jetties, and even light poles. It has the abilities of multiple birds, such as long flights and swimming. When youre on the lookout for pelicans, dont just look at the water surface; scan the skies and you may find large flocks of these immense birds soaring inconspicuously very high up. A large yellow pouch is underneath the bill. Once the fish are in shallow water, it is easy for the pelicans to scoop them up in their bill! These birds will feed in a group. 1985. The Auk, 82/2: 294-295. They are at home in different regions, but their lifestyle and behavior are quite similar. 1982. Although they are called white pelicans, their plumage is white, the large flight feathers on the wings are black. by WebThe great white pelican is the second largest of species based on average size after the Dalmatian pelican. Size of egg: 2.8 x 1.8 inches (72 x 46 millimeters) to 4 x 2.5 inches (106 x 64 millimeters), depending on species, Incubation period: 29 to 36 days, depending on species, Age at fledge: 63 to 120 days, depending on species, Length: Largest - Dalmatian pelican Pelecanus crispus, 5.2 to 5.9 feet (1.6 to 1.8 meters); smallest - brown pelican Pelecanus occidentails, 3.4 to 5 feet (1 to 1.5 meters), Weight: Heaviest - great white pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus, 20 to 33 pounds (9 to 15 kilograms); lightest - brown pelican, 7.7 pounds (3.5 kilograms), Wingspan: 6.7 to 11.8 feet (2 to 3.6 meters), depending on species. 2004. Due to their diet, this species may affect fish populations across a range of habitats. Depending on the pelican species, they are frequently fed sardines, smelt, herring, trout, and mackerel. Predators of adults include humans Homo sapiens. Mary Allen The average female pelican has multiple clutches in its lifetime. The Most Common Small Bird In The United States. In the males, the skin around the eyes turns yellow-pink during the breeding season, and in the females, it turns bright orange. How Long Do Pelicans Live? Australian Pelicans can be found in most inland and coastal areas of Australia. The young is usually ready to leave the nest in 10 weeks. (Perissinotto, et al., 2013). It closely resembles the pink pelican but is smaller. For the most part, these birds prefer to eat fish, but they have been known to prey on other food sources as well. These pelicans except for resident colonies in Texas and Mexico are a migratory species. The pelican usually goes to familiar past breeding sites but can establish a new breeding colony if habitat is lost. They also occur in southwest Arabia. By 3 weeks they can walk with their body off the ground and can swim as soon as they can get to water. I've written many topics in this space including how-tos, informational articles, care guides, breed guides, and more. The poor parents must feed their chicks up to 30 times a day for the first month of so! An adult pelican may eat up to 4 pounds (1.8 kilograms) of fish per day! In Washington, they are very local breeders in the eastern part of the state (Walla Walla County) and an The brown pelican inhabits western coastal areas from Ketchikan in Alaska, all the way south to Coquimbo, Chile; and from the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, south to Cayenne in French Guiana in the east. But recent conservation efforts, including legal protection, have greatly helped these pelicans. The great white pelican is the second largest of species based on average size after the Dalmatian pelican. Diurnal animals are active during the daytime, with a period of sleeping or other inactivity at night. Get Instant ID help for 650+ North American birds. mainly lives in oceans, seas, or other bodies of salt water. They also try to steal prey from Double-crested Cormorants that are bringing fish to the surface. The pelican has no marine predator, and most terrestrial predation occurs at night, when they are on the nest. The pelican chooses its location for nesting away from mammalian predators and humans. The cormorants dive deep in the water, which brings the fish to the surface for the pelican to scoop up! Eastern White pelican, Rosy pelican, White pelican, Great white pelican, Eastern white pelican, Rosy pelican, White pelican. Like most pelicans, they prefer shallow water. Contributor Galleries Pelicans use their bill pouch like a fishing net to scoop the fish into their bill. Responses of waterbirds to helicopter disturbance and fish poisoning by rotenone at Paardevlei, South Africa. They bathe by ducking their head and body into the water while flapping their wings. During migration, the pelican migrates an average of 133-160 km/day. These pelicans paddle along in the water, usually where there is a lot of vegetation where they can hide. Most striking is the up to 40 centimeters long beak with the throat pouch. Great white pelicans are found from south-eastern Europe to central Asia and India, as well as in large parts of Africa. The great white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) is a migratory bird. Avian Biology Volume 6. Because they take advantage of the thermals in the air and allow themselves to be carried upwards by the warm air currents, they can climb high and glide very elegantly in the air. The immature pelican will migrate earlier during the winter, and join the flock during the spring migration. Pelecanus onocrotalus communicates through sound, movement, and posture. We are compensated for referring traffic and business to Amazon and other companies linked to on this site. The use of the insecticide DDT almost wiped out pelicans and other birds by causing eggshells to thin. BirdLife International, 2016. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'theanimalfacts_com-box-3','ezslot_5',104,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-theanimalfacts_com-box-3-0');They are carnivores which will use the large sac under their beak to scoop fish from the water. Pair bonding can last more than one breeding season. Discover more American birds in this article here on the site. Read on to learn about the pelican.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[468,60],'animals_net-medrectangle-3','ezslot_8',113,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-animals_net-medrectangle-3-0'); These creatures are large aquatic birds with very long beaks. To threaten predators, the pelican will open its bill, raise it, and wave it. Biological Bulletin, 126/3: 467-489. Great white pelicans will fly between 60 and 100 km from the colony to feed. When it comes to nesting, Australian pelicans require remote, undisturbed sites with a good food supply. And more and more, theyre stopping to refuel in Michigan. Waterbirds, 25/3: 295-304. Yet its a dangerous world for the youngsters, and most do not survive their first year, due largely to predation by birds of prey. Sometimes, large groups gather in wetlands. 3/1, 1 Edition. The average lifespan in the wild is 15.5 years. 2002. Predators of the pelicans' eggs include mammalian animals like foxes, gulls, frigatebirds, African sea eagles Haliaeetus vocifer, crows Corvus, and skuas. The ritual courtship consist of circle flying from both sexes around the nesting site, building of the nest by the male, raising of closed bill, and expanded gular pouch in males. At dusk, pelicans all settle down for the night. (Perrins, 2009; Brazil, 2009; Brown and Urban, 1969; Delhey, et al., 2007; Tets, 1965). When pelican chicks reach about eight weeks, they will leave the nest to wander and form pods, which protects the young while the adult pelicans are feeding. (Perrins, 2009; BirdLife International, 2015; Vaurie, 1965), The great white pelican causes competition with fisherman because it eats commercial fish that humans also eat, like Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. The pelican can travel at 30- 44.5 km/hour. pelicans Pelicans received large doses of the chemical from the fish they ate, due topesticidecontamination in the water from runoff and the direct dumping of DDT waste, which affected the oceansfood chain. Every Year Again: Dogs as a Christmas Present, Study Says: You May Sleep Better With Your Dog Nearby. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species2021: e.T22697590A177120498. The pelican will fish with other birds, like the brown pelican Pelecanus crispus and the great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis. Water evaporates more quickly from their skin, and their temperature decreases. Revue d'Ecologie, 46: 145-171. In the Prespa Lakes of Greece, the Dalmatian pelican may fly with cormorants. They use them to scoop up food but swallow their catch before flying off. Their northern populations are migratory. Fish-eating Birds 10 Australian birds that love that sushi. WebDiet The species is entirely piscivorous, preferentially taking fish of between 300 and 600 g in weight (del Hoyo et al. Spot-billed pelicans like marshes, rivers, estuaries, reservoirs, tanks, flooded fields, large lakes, brackish lagoons, tidal creeks, coastal waters, and jheels.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'birdwatchworld_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_4',111,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-birdwatchworld_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0'); These pelicans nest in large trees, normally in swamp forests or swampy savannas, sometimes alongside paddy fields. Great White Pelican Protruding from the face is the large bill which is used to catch food. They breed in trees that are near water, on sandy islands, in mangroves, and even near civilization. During the breeding season, it can be found in areas of Europe and Central Asia. Because they live primarily in warm climates, they have an effective method of dissipating heat from their bodies. Every now and then there are arguments. 2013. Field Guide to Birds of the Gambia and Senegal. Males display their head crest and their brightly colored pouch. The great white pelicans' total population is approximately 75,000 pairs in Africa. The spectacled pelican lives from Indonesia across Australia to the Fiji Islands. One can often see pelicans flying in flocks, as they are social birds. I also have ten pets of my own currently. These birds will use a range of stopover sites during these transits. GREAT WHITE PELICAN. The nest of this species may be a platform of sticks or a shallow scrape in the ground. 2013. Two species of pelican can be found on the African continent: the Great White and the Pink-backed. The great white pelican has been rated as a species ofleast concernon theIUCN Red Listof Endangered Species(IUCN). Two new hosts for Clinostomum phalacrocoracis Dubois, 193q1 (Trematoda), from Uganda. The upper portion is a dark color while the pouch beneath is colored yellow. This means that webbing connects all four of their toes, even the back toe. The great white pelicans only breed in one spot on the Guano Islands, which makes them more likely to have a disease outbreak within their population. Reference and further resources. Diet preference and activity patterns of great white pelicans (Pelecanus onocrotalus, Linnaeus 1758) at Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia. Foraging trips of white pelicans (Pelecanus onocrotalus) breeding on Lake Mikri Prespa, Greece. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. Great white pelicans mostly eat fish species, but have been known to eat cape cormorant Phalacrocorax capensis and the kelp gull Larus dominicanus eggs when other food becomes scarce. They are also known as the eastern white pelican, rosy pelican or white pelican. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'animals_net-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_9',117,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-animals_net-large-leaderboard-2-0');In zoos, pelicans are given plenty of enclosure space for flight, lots of perches at various heights, and plenty of water sources for wading, floating, and eating fish. American white pelican is a very large bird, measuring about five feet, weighing 11-30 pounds with a wingspan of nearly nine feet. Here they occur in the following countries Afghanistan; Albania; Algeria; Angola; Armenia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Bahrain;Bangladesh; BelarusBenin; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Botswana; Bulgaria; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad; Congo; Cte dIvoire; Croatia; Cyprus; Czechia; Denmark; Djibouti; Egypt; Eritrea; Eswatini; Ethiopia; Finland; France; Gabon; Gambia; Georgia; Ghana; Greece; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; India; Iraq; Islamic Republic of Iran; Israel; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Kuwait; Kyrgyzstan; Latvia; Lebanon; Libya; Malawi; Maldives; Mali; Malta; Mauritania; Morocco; Mozambique; Myanmar; Namibia; Netherlands; Niger; Nigeria; North Macedonia; Norway; Oman; Pakistan; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Russian Federation; Rwanda; Saudi Arabia; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Slovenia; Somalia; South Africa; South Sudan; Spain; Sri Lanka; State of Palestine; Sudan; Switzerland; Syrian Arab Republic The Democratic Republic of the Congo; Togo; Tunisia; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Uganda; UkraineUnited Arab Emirates; United Republic of Tanzania; Uzbekistan; Western Sahara; Yemen; Zambia and Zimbabwe. Pairi Daiza. The main component in their diet is fish. The American white pelican is a majestic bird that can be found around the coasts and inland waterways of the North American shores. Crivelli, A., Y. Leshem, T. Mitchev, H. Jerrentrup. Outside of their breeding areas, white pelicans are rarely seen in Europe. (BirdLife International, 2016; Catsadorakis, et al., 1996; Crivelli, et al., 1991; Hatzilacou, 1996; Izhaki, et al., 2002; Perrins, 2009; Pyovetsi, 1989; Robert, 1985; Tets, 1965), The pelican home ranges from Africa, Israel, and Europe. These birds prefer rivers, lakes, deltas, and estuaries. Within a few days, their eyes open, they start to grow their first down feathers, and their bill lengthens. Pelicans breed in massive colonies, and each pair chooses a small nest territory and defends it from other birds. Pelican For breeding, these pelicans like small, flat, bare islands or arid coastlines. Contrary to popular belief, pelicans do not store the catch of the day in their pouch for later consumption. That covers all 8 species of pelicans, where they are found, and the habitats they live in. Fire and grazing are important in the long-term maintenance of grasslands. The main component in their diet is fish. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0; additional terms may apply. Accessed January 18, 2022 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Pelecanus_onocrotalus/. Northern breeding populations migrate to southern California, the Gulf States, Mexico, and Central America. Breeding colonies often consist of hundreds of these birds all crowded onto one small island. Endothermy is a synapomorphy of the Mammalia, although it may have arisen in a (now extinct) synapsid ancestor; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities. Great white pelicans are migratory birds. How does the Great White Pelican produce its young? Brown pelicans are exclusivelymarinebirds. You've come to the right place. [online] Available at: [Accessed 18 January 2022]. Extensive savannas are found in parts of subtropical and tropical Africa and South America, and in Australia. Breeding sites consist of swamps, lakes, island and wetlands. The parents pour the food from their beak, into the young's beak. Finding them depends on where you are and what time of the year it is, so check a range map to find out whether you should be looking in inland sites in the north or coastal spots in the south of the continent. Additional support has come from the Marisla Foundation, UM College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, Museum of Zoology, and Information and Technology Services. The nest is often a hollow in the sand with a ring of sticks and sand scraped around the outside. The great white pelican has a wide range taking in parts of Africa, Europe and Asia. %privacy_policy%. The Peruvian species is found in Central and South America. Brown pelicans are plunge divers. Tets, G. 1965. March 21, 2022, 6:46 pmupdated June 17, 2022, 6:42 am. Exoticheritagegroup.com. (Catsadorakis, et al., 1996; Hatzilacou, 1996; Izhaki, et al., 2002; Tets, 1965). The change in color might be useful in warning off predators or undesired females, or can be used to attract a mate. Where do you find the Great White Pelican? A grassland with scattered trees or scattered clumps of trees, a type of community intermediate between grassland and forest. WebThe population size is very large, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). Where do pelicans migrate to in the winter? Some Atlantic and Gulf coast populations migrate further south along the coast during the coldest months of the year. On the Pacific coast, pelicans leave the Gulf of California after breeding, cross the Baja peninsula, and migrate as far north as British Columbia , returning south to breeding areas Williams, T. 2007. Fish were the die Altricial animals are those species whose newly hatched or born young are relatively immobile. Pelicanoptes onocrotali n.g., n. American white pelicans are found in Alberta during their mating season, which usually ranges from March or April until September or October. The brown pelican can sight a fish when flying at heights up to 70 feet (21 meters). When not eating, pelicans spend hours preening, snoozing, or sunbathing. Fawkes, R. 2001. They are also unable to remain on water for longer than an hour without becoming waterlogged. The pelican can migrate through or nest in savanna, grass lands, chaparral, desert, rainforest, and alpine biomes. The Peruvian pelican and the brown pelican have brown colored feathers.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[468,60],'animals_net-medrectangle-4','ezslot_2',121,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-animals_net-medrectangle-4-0'); Pelicans are surprisingly adept predators, and have multiple adaptations (besides the impressive beak) that help them hunt and survive. And the birds use their bill to coat their feathers with a waterproof oil from a gland at the base of the tail. Other eastern locations in spring and summer (non-breeding sites) include near Prineville, Crook County; Hermiston, Umatilla County; La Grande, Union County; Richland, Baker County and Vale and Jordan Valley, Malheur County. Colonial Waterbirds, 19/1: 190-206. Some populations are migratory and will breed in Europe before returning to Africa to spend the winter. American white pelicans develop a knob on the top of the bill that is shed after the breeding season. On the water they dip their pouched bills to scoop up fish, or tip-up like an oversized dabbling duck. The pelicans are sold as food. (On-line). A great white pelican has been known to live as long as 51 years in captivity. Waterbirds, 30/3: 429-432. Along with the giant pouch, pelicans are a large bird with short legs, and they appear rather clumsy on land. Fledging takes place at 65 to 75 days old. Its unique characteristic is the gular pouch inside its beak. The Wilson Bulletin, 85/4: 438. It breeds from southeastern Europe through Asia and Africa, in swamps and shallow lakes. Better Together. Though often seen around fishing ports, they avoid the open sea. And the 2010 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico has caused the slow decay of mangrove swamps where thousands of the birds used to nest. reproduction in which eggs are released by the female; development of offspring occurs outside the mother's body. the area in which the animal is naturally found, the region in which it is endemic. Required fields are marked *. During the breeding season, it can be found in areas of Europe and Central Asia. Which one of those is the most common small bird in the United States? Precocial species are normall Seabirds (also known as marine birds) are birds that are adapted to life within the marine environment. Before or after eating, the chick will collapse and lay comatose. Dalmatian pelicanlet others find the fish! In Europe, most of the animals breed in the Danube Delta in Romania, as well as in Turkey and Greece. Migrants are often noted in spring or fall passing various western hawkwatches, particularly the Smith Point and Hazel Bazemore hawkwatches in Texas. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Great white pelicans are listed as a species of Least Concern on the IUCN Red List because they are widespread and do not have major threats. They can also be found in Eurasia where they frequent fresh or brackish lakes, lagoons, and marshes. The unique pouch is also helpful in warm weather. Some will visit inland waters in southwestern U.S. and central Florida after breeding. Vaurie, C. 1965. Resident to medium-distance migrant. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 10/2: 159-182. WebOne of the largest North American birds, the American White Pelican is majestic in the air. The female bird lays two or three eggs in the nest, which is usually made from sticks, and both parents incubate the eggs.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'animals_net-leader-1','ezslot_10',120,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-animals_net-leader-1-0'); After about one month the eggs will hatch, but usually only one chick survives the first few weeks of life. Pelicans are skillful food thieves. American white, Australian, and great white pelicangroup fishers. The pelican has been known to transfer roundworms Contracaecum multipapillatum and Contracaecum micropapillatum to fish species. Energy requirements of migration great white pelicans Pelecanus onocrotalus. Cambridge: Cambidge University Press. Piscivorous is equivalent to the Greek-derived word ichthyophagous. A study described that the pelican's diet was 81.9% fish, 13.1% worms, 4.05% invertebrates, and 0.94% amphibians. White Pelican | Pet Reader The great white pelican can also be found sporadically throughout parts of India, Afghanistan, American White Pelicans must provide roughly 150 pounds of food to nourish a chick from its birth to the time it's ready to forage on its own. Great white pelicans are very social birds. During flight, the wings are flapping in a synchronized order so all the birds in the V-shape formation can benefit from it. American White Pelicans cooperate when feeding. 2022. The birds soar with incredible steadiness on broad, white-and-black wings. How does the Great White Pelican survive in its habitat? These stylish-looking pelicans are the largest of all pelicans and can be found across southeast Europe and eastern Asia. Pelicans They use their versatile pouch as a type of air conditioner. They will climb to around 10-20 m (32.8-65.6 ft) above the waters surface before diving into the water to catch fish. The bills of the great white pelicans were thought to cure diarrhea, sores, and boils. The eggs will hatch within 29-36 days. By 1970, brown pelicans were listed asendangered. When pelicans groom their feathers, they spread this substance all over their bodies and then shimmer pink. Satellite tracking of migratory and ranging behavior of immature great white pelicans. This species was first described for modern science in 1758. The parent pelican can be rough with the young if it is not eating by dragging the young by its head. The pelican can be found as far west as Montenegro and as far east as Kyrgyzstan. If they do venture inland for winter, they will choose areas below dams or on large rivers where the flow of water prevents the surface from freezing. It is where the Cornell Lab of Ornithology draws its information for its birdsoftheworld.org website and is a trusted reference for bird information worldwide. The rest of this article will explore where pelicans live in more detail. An immature Brown Pelican, still learning to feed with its parents' efficiency, dives into the melee. If displeased, they hiss through the gaping bill. Akramova, F., D. Azimov, E. Shakarboev. It maysubmergecompletely, with a great splash, or just a bit, depending on the height of the dive. These large aquatic birds make up their own taxonomic family, Pelicanidae, which consists of eight different species. It is usually silent when alone. BirdLife International. An average male will measure 175cm (69in) long compared to 145cm (57in) long for the females. 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