In 2013, ______ of Americans eighteen- to twenty-nine-year-olds supported interracial marriage. In this case, categorization into two groupsthe short lines group and the long lines groupproduced a perceptual bias such that the two groups of lines were seen as more different than they really were. Perhaps this example will help you see the flexibility of social categorization. c. the social categorization perspective. What is the difference between gross pay and net pay for an employee? c. Middle Easterners are white and North Africans are nonwhite. d. by attempting to act as if race does not exist, whites perpetuate inequalities. Stereotype lift. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The study of neuroendocrinology examines how the brain and ________ work together to coordinate the physiological functioning of the body., According to one model, stress is the result of systemic activation of the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the ________. B., & Jetten, J. A Immigrants are sometimes blamed for low wages. A company uses the indirect method to determine its cash flows from operating activities. B. automatic Empty cart. Sechrist, G. B., & Stangor, C. (2001). b. Categorization is frequently based on easily identifiable attributes. not support policies such as affirmative action that aim to overcome unequal treatment. Which statement is most consistent with the textbook's conclusions about race? Confidentiality c. Integrity. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct?broward summer school schedule. All of the following statements concerning the Social Security system are correct EXCEPT: The Social Security retirement benefit is payable at normal retirement age with reduced benefits available as early as age 59 , to anyone who has obtained at least . The effects of stereotype threat and double-minority status on the test performance of Latino women. If we believe that women are bad drivers and we see a woman driving poorly, then we tend to remember it, but when we see a woman who drives particularly well, we tend to forget it. And when we are distracted or under time pressure, these tendencies become even more powerful (Stangor & Duan, 1991). The statements were controlled so that across all the research participants, the statements made by the men and the women were of equal length and quality. b. essentialism. The bogus pipeline: A new paradigm for measuring affect and attitude. d. scapegoating. Alec was excited that he made it to the finals in swimming. c. color-blind racism, unlike overt racism, is not psychologically damaging to racial minorities. b. a. unfriendly a. boys and girls were equally likely to be shown performing physical activities. c. increase tax breaks to Black churches. In the end, stereotypes become self-fulfilling prophecies, such that our expectations about the group members make the stereotypes come true (Snyder, Tanke, & Berscheid, 1977; Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974). f(x)=x28x+20f(x)=\sqrt{x^2-8x+20} d. often understand it as a compliment, since it is often meant as a compliment. d. all of the above, Social Psychology-Chapter 7 (Conceptual/Appli. For instance, when a math task is described as diagnostic of intelligence, Latinos and particularly Latinas perform more poorly than do Whites (Gonzales, Blanton, & Williams, 2002). \boldsymbol{x}_{\boldsymbol{i}} & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\ Perceiving outgroup members as unresponsive: Implications for approach-related emotions, intentions, and behavior. IV. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). What is this scenario an example of? The social psychologist John Bargh once described stereotypes as cognitive monsters because their activation was so powerful and because the activated beliefs had such insidious influences on social judgment (Bargh, 1999). c. In several forms of media there is a greater emphasis on female than male sexuality. Denying Francisco a raise is an example of Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called a. modern sexism and modern sexism. d. Latin America or Asia. c. economic factors d. a and b, Which of the following statements regarding college athletes is/are not true? 44; 22 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(7), 778793. Ethnic and national stereotypes: The Princeton trilogy revisited and revised. a. a. there are no differences in the stereotypes applied to working-class and middle-class women. The social group viewed as the one with which a person identifies is called a(n) ________. c. multiculturalism. Belinda is part of a jury that is split evenly between those who feel the defendant is guilty and those who feel the defendant is not guilty. Psychological Science, 16(3), 175179. c. It outlawed discriminatory voting practices. Competence. 2 The confederates were all adults. b. Puerto Ricans Login; Register; Jane Collins, a woman married to Mark Sullivan, wants her potential employer to view her as 1 point? The bogus pipeline procedure suggests that people may frequently mask their negative beliefs in publicpeople express more prejudice when they are in the bogus pipeline than they do when they are asked the same questions more directly. This interaction best illustrates which of the following statements? and males is clearly interpreted as inclusive of both genders. Research suggests that we are more easily influenced by an attractive speaker than by an unattractive speaker. Because our stereotypes are activated spontaneously when we think about members of different social groups, it is possible to use reaction-time measures to assess this activation and thus to learn about peoples stereotypes and prejudices. Whites have earned the privilege. d. all of the above, Recent research indicates that _____ sexism actually has a more harmful effect on women's B. in-group bias One day, the power goes out. What they have in common is that they are all forms of ________. 4 The participants were given two chances at responding. 18. b. Of course, using social categories will only be informative to the extent that the stereotypes held by the individual about that category are accurate. 5 In several forms of media men are more likely than women to be depicted in work-related men earned the money, while ___ percent expressed this view in 2002. Stangor, C., & Duan, C. (1991). Along with crystallized intelligence (Gc), domain-specific knowledge (Gkn) is an important ability within the nomological net of acquired knowledge. a. b. discriminating. 2 cognitive In 2019, approximately 53.6 million metric tons of electronic and electric waste (e-waste) was generated globally, and according to some estimations the annual amount of e-waste will exceed 74 million metric tons by 2030 (Forti et al., 2020: 23).Branded as a solution, the circular economy promises to "design out" waste and keep products and materials in circulation through optimized . Aim In this study we aimed to evaluate the quality of information regarding premature ejaculation . Only physicians can perform exit evaluations and conduct psychological interviews. d. Whites may often benefit from it without even realizing it. Do you think the cultural stereotypes about your group have ever influenced your performance on a task. a. True Neighborhood segregation has declined significantly over the past quarter century. \hline \boldsymbol{y}_i & 3 & 7 & 5 & 11 & 14 Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes. The speed of these responses is used to determine an individuals stereotypes or prejudice. As you can see in Figure 12.4 Perceptual Accentuation, the experiment involved having research participants judge the length of six lines. Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. c. racializing. b. assimilation. What were the "black codes"? c. Latin Americans 29. c. racialization. d. "Pioneers moved West, taking their wives and children. b. higher rates of known health risks D. engaging in prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping, Touch, Taste, and Smell: The Other Senses, Psychology Unit: Sociocultural Domain Part 2, Psychology Unit: Sociocultural Domain Part 1, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins. a. stress the importance of improving one's physical attractiveness through diet, exercise and c. women with disabilities a. white men and women c. In explaining racial inequality between Blacks and whites, class disadvantages are more significant than racism. Definition and assessment of accuracy in social stereotypes. Tajfel, H., & Wilkes, A. L. (1963). d. all of the above. When we know that we need to control our expectations so that we do not unintentionally stereotype the other person, we may try to do sobut doing so takes effort and may frequently fail (Macrae, Bodenhausen, Milne, & Jetten, 1994). c. now have about equal numbers of male and female characters in basic readers and math B. Jussim, L., Robustelli, S. L., & Cain, T. R. (2009). baseball. C. holding a stereotype Experiments in intergroup discrimination. a. in the post-World War II period up to the early 1960s Just as White people used fewer piles of traits to describe Blacks than Whites, young people used fewer piles of traits to describe elderly people than they did young people, and students used fewer piles for members of other universities than they did for members of their own university. She negatively evaluates a Hispanic applicant because she has "no cultural flavor" in her application. Social Psychology Quarterly, 71(1), 1216. You can see that these social categorizations may create some potential for misperception, and perhaps even hostility. b. handicapism He wants to move to Canada and become a permanent citizen. Eastern Europe. Generics express generalizations, but unlike quantified statements, generics do not carry information about how many members of the kind or category have the property. Rules Sara Baker, Ori Friedman, Alan M. Leslie (sbaker@ruccs.rutgers.edu) Cognitive development in the preschool years is characterized by diminishing impulsivity in thought and action. Ethnicity bases classification on physical features. Which of the following statements about categorization is most correct? 25 percent a. modern sexism. The term psychologists use for how physically close two people are to each other is ________. b. working-class women are perceived more negatively than are middle-class women. C. The point at which sales revenue equals contribution margin. And this social categorization might lead them to become more aware of the positive characteristics of their college (the excellent basketball team, lovely campus, and intelligent students) in comparison with the characteristics of the other school. Guia de Estudio - Study Guide: Term 1 Test, Avancemos 2 Unidad 2 Leccin 2 (Vocabulario), John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology, Applied Calculus for the Managerial, Life, and Social Sciences, Global Procurement and Strategic Sourcing (2), Measurements (e.g., weight, height, blood pressure). 2 "I did a good job because the task was easy." a. intelligence This process of categorization is known as a. social role theory. When prejudice does not pay: Effects of interracial contact on executive function. The participants tended to agree about what traits were true of which groups, and this was true even for groups of which the respondents were likely to never have met a single member (Arabs and Russians). Scientists today dispute the theory that races have significant genetic differences. c. William Julius Wilson Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 2924. Which of the following statements are accurate? Aronson, J., Lustina, M. J., Good, C., Keough, K., & Steele, C. M. (1999). When speeding charges are made, Blacks fare much worse when citations are issued on the basis of the officer's visual assessment rather than radar or laser. a. Racism is no longer a significant problem for Blacks. the natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. b. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Stereotypes are frequently expressed on TV, in movies, and in chat rooms and blogs, and we learn a lot of our beliefs from these sources. Prejudice toward female leaders: Backlash effects and womens impression management dilemma. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(10), 807820. Because Black students are aware of the (inaccurate) stereotype that Blacks are intellectually inferior to Whites, this stereotype might create a negative expectation, which might interfere with their performance on intellectual tests through fear of confirming that stereotype. b. Latinas Waterhouse's refusal to promote her to partner. Multiple social categorization. ", Which of the following language practices directly reflect the belief of male as normative? d. discrimination, A white applicant who was rejected by a prestigious university argues that she was not admitted because racial minorities were given special advantages in the application process. d. a, b, and c, There is a greater underrepresentation of ____________ than ___________ in movies and European Journal of Social Psychology, 30(3), 335354. Use the purchases journal from the previous exercise. Social psychology is the scientific study of how a person's behavior, thoughts, and feelings are influenced by _______. 275292). Which of the following statements about categorization in humans is FALSE? a. d. racialization. d. social role theory. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33(3), 331343. In one study assessing stereotypes, Stephanie Madon and her colleagues (Madon et al., 2001) presented U.S. college students with a list of 84 trait terms and asked them to indicate for which groups each trait seemed appropriate (Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students). Stereotypes and prejudice may create discrimination. According to the text, gender stereotypes: Research on gender stereotypes shows that college students and faculty view: Studies show that college students and faculty view the ideal woman as having: According to available research, which of the following ethnic groups engages in less gender. c. Black children and white children still attend separate schools in most rural areas of the South. d) Secondary research is cheaper than primary research. Manipulations that affirm positive characteristics about oneself or ones group are successful at reducing stereotype threat (Alter, Aronson, Darley, Rodriguez, & Ruble, 2010; Greenberg et al., 2003; McIntyre, Paulson, & Lord, 2003). The woman is the mother of a 2-year-old boy. Ann Hopkins' case is an example of: B. practicing discrimination International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 371383. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(9), 656666. Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? The three financial statements are: (1) the Income Statement, (2) the Balance Sheet, and (3) the Cash Flow Statement. Survey 2 is either a 15-statement integrity survey adapted from Becker and Ulstad's (2007) 20-statement survey or a 14-statement driving skill survey adapted from Clapp et al. Research has found that stereotype threat is caused by both cognitive and affective factors. Background Patients are increasingly looking to social media platforms for medical information. Rising to the threat: Reducing stereotype threat by reframing the threat as a challenge. Phelan, J. E., & Rudman, L. A. Stereotyping others is simply unfair. Beliefs about the characteristics of the groups and the members of those groups are known as stereotypes. It is separated from the lentiform nucleus by the internal capsule. d. Neighborhood segregation remains especially high in metropolitan areas. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27(4), 357378. Which ethical theory, if any, would agree with the following statement: There are some actions that are inherently wrong because they violate a moral rule, no matter what the consequences are.. Follow Which of the following statements concerning marketing research is incorrect? The participants were shown the list of all the statements that had been made, along with the pictures of each of the discussion group members, and were asked to indicate who had made each of the statements. Southern European Americans Which of the following statements concerning prejudice is not true? b. d. projecting. materials People naturally classify others into categories. Because Asian students are aware of the stereotype that Asians are good at math, reminding them of this fact before they take a difficult math test can improve their performance on the test (Walton & Cohen, 2003). Which of the following methodological approaches to a research project on assimilation is a survey? Implicit association procedures such as the IAT show that even participants who claim that they are not prejudiced do seem to hold cultural stereotypes about social groups. Over the past half-century, the South has lost all gains in desegregation made since 1954the year of the ______ decision. At a 0.11%0.11 \%0.11% rate of interest, what is the amount of money U.S. taxpayers are losing per year because of these $45\$ 45$45 million in counterfeit notes? I. Asymmetric search of individuating information about stereotyped group members. This is an example of Immigrants in this example can be considered a d. displacement. (2010). Calibrating prejudice in milliseconds. Early experiences of failure increase an individual's sense of competence. a. there are no differences in the way parents view their newborn daughters and sons. d. hostile; benevolent, ____ percent of men surveyed in 1977 felt women should tend to the children and home while Thinking in terms of fixed and inflexible categories, such as believing that all French people like to wear striped shirts, is best described as b. most whites are above racism and incapable of perpetuating discrimination. Use the following information to determine its net cash provided or used by operating activities. If police officers were actually not that knowledgeable about the city layout, then using this categorization would not be informative. a. whites c. antimiscegenation Steve's attitude is an example of He decides not to rent his house to the first applicant simply because he is Arab American and rents it to the second applicant, who is white. d. benevolent sexism, Both hostile and benevolent sexism: One indirect approach to assessing prejudice is called the bogus pipeline procedure (Jones & Sigall, 1971). I start with some of the early challenges to the widely-employed philosophical method of casesthe very challenges that originally prompted the new movement of experimental philosophyand with some fundamental questions about the method that are yet to have been given satisfying answers. Which of the following statements concerning minority groups is true? Psychological Review, 100(1), 109128. Why do U.S. taxpayers lose because of North Korea's counterfeiting? b. stereotyping. b. Puerto Rican Americans View Bus311.docx from BUSI 311 at Liberty University. (1999). Which of the following statements is true? 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping Learning Objectives Describe the fundamental process of social categorization and its influence on thoughts, feelings, and behavior. language is/are correct? b. eugenics. d. 94; 62, Cross-cultural research on ambivalent sexism showed that: Is your behavior fair or unfair to the people you are categorizing? Which of the following would be an example of a situational attribution? b. Following the social norm made one more popular. Lee, Y. T., Jussim, L. J., & McCauley, C. R. (1995). In fact, just knowing that stereotype threat exists and may influence performance can help alleviate its negative impact (Johns, Schmader, & Martens, 2005). Nosek, B. Although either individual could afford to purchase a generator individually, they agree to split the cost of a generator because they love fish more than they dislike each other. Once we believe that men make better leaders than women, we tend to behave toward men in ways that makes it easier for them to lead. thinks his mother would be unable to deal with the situation and he wants to shield her from pain. b. Martin Luther King Jr. Race in the making: Cognition, culture and the childs construction of human kinds. partnership was denied on the basis of her gender. Shortening the project by assigning more resources to one or more of the critical tasks is called "project crashing." d. Racism resides in the individual conscience only. When we see members of social groups perform behaviors, we tend to better remember information that confirms our stereotypes than we remember information that disconfirms our stereotypes (Fyock & Stangor, 1994). a. Northwestern Europe. This is an example of Even groups who typically enjoy advantaged social status can be made to experience stereotype threat. Lippman, W. (1922). Question 1 Which 3 statements regarding subaccounts are true? 1 A outgoing woman marries a reserved man. Judd, C. M., & Park, B. a. Daniel Patrick Moynihan a. d. as successful and assertive. a. the Whorfian hypothesis. (1984). which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? b. essentialism. c. modern sexism and hostile sexism. b. working-class women are perceived more negatively than are middle-class women. d. El Salvadorians, During World War II, _______ were made to report to "relocation centers," which were effectively concentration camps. Social categorization occurs spontaneously, without much thought on our part (Crisp & Hewstone, 2007). The nature of prejudice. I used this code when statements . d. Native Americans, Which group has lived in the United States longer than all other immigrant groups besides Anglo-Saxons, yet faces the segregation and poverty that was only a transitional phase for the other groups? II I and II II and IV I, II, and III I, III, and IV 2 See answers It turns out that John does not think there should be a womens studies program at the college, and he tells Sarah so. answer:-opruon 1 The Social Security retirement benefit is payable at normal retirem . The following statements concerning the thalamus are correct EXCEPT: A. c. the biological inferiority of blacks (1978). Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 7, 335. Why do you (or dont you) categorize? Revan was excited about working with a group of friends on the next science project. b. Racist views distinguishing the descendants of Europeans from those of Africans became central to European racist attitudes. d. Loyalty e. All of the above are. Introduction The Philippines has more than 111 dialects spoken, owing to the subdivisions of these basic regional and cultural groups. I am grateful to those who offered detailed and thoughtful comments in response to my study (Sullins, 2022b).Rosik's hopeful call for renewed scientific rigor in the study of sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) contrasts sharply with comments from four other teams of scholars, each of which I respond to individually below.Blosnich et al.'s and Rivera and Beach's detailed analyses . C) Social categorization is an automatic and unconscious process. c. People assume that individuals in the same category share traits with one another. Tajfel, H. (1970). 349380). Stereotype accuracy: Toward appreciating group differences. The representation also includes one image (or exemplar) of a particular college professor whom the student knows. Race can be understood as a classification system that assigns individuals and groups to categories that are ranked or hierarchical. Alter, A. L., Aronson, J., Darley, J. M., Rodriguez, C., & Ruble, D. N. (2010). Her case was appealed to the Supreme Court. B. Eastern European Americans a. underrepresentation of females Stangor, C. (1995). Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles. c. William Julius Wilson If you found yourself lost in a city, you might look for a police officer or a taxi driver to help you find your way. b. social impairment d. all of the above. 4 We tend to attribute our successes to our own efforts and our failures to the shortcomings of others. (1994). This problem has been solved! In short, stereotypes and prejudice are powerful largely because they are important social norms that are part of our culture (Guimond, 2000). He continues to hold this belief even though he learned in school that native-born Americans are more likely to commit crime than immigrants. ability A. Review the ways that stereotypes influence our behavior. You may remember the word "stratification" from geology class. a. Mexicans in cities like Los Angeles and San Antonio end up living in segregated, high-poverty communities in which institutions, such as schools, have inferior resources and foster low expectations of their students; this situation may facilitate the categorization of Mexicans as a race. Furthermore, attempting to prevent our stereotype from coloring our reactions to others takes effort. b. c. unableness Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). Perceived consensus influences intergroup behavior and stereotype accessibility. d. her unfeminine walk. D. slow. . b. d. benevolent sexism and hostile sexism. involvement c. Both of the above 3 You dislike doing exercise but do it anyway to improve your health. Scientists today dispute the theory that races have significant genetic differences. Even today, there is good agreement about the stereotypes of members of many social groups, including men and women and a variety of ethnic groups. (2003). Question Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct?
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